Oracle CentOS 5

Installing Oracle 11 on CentOS 5

Pre-installation steps

• Create Oracle user and groups

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd oper
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

• Prepare environment

• Create Oracle configuration file /etc/sysconfig/oracledb

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_SID=MYDB
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11g
START_ORACLE=yes
START_LISTENER=yes

• Make sure the correct kernel parameters are appended to /etc/sysctl.conf

# added for Oracle
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 

• Update kernel parameters

sysctl -p

• Create /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh and make it executable

#!/bin/sh
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/oracledb ] ; then
        . /etc/sysconfig/oracledb
        export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME
        export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
fi

if [ $USER = oracle ]; then
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        umask 022
fi

if [ -n "$EDITOR" ]; then
        export EDITOR=vi
fi

• Update /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle          soft    nproc   2047
oracle          hard    nproc   16384
oracle          soft    nofile  1024
oracle          hard    nofile  65536

• Create directories/filesystems for installation and database files

. /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh
mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME
chown -R oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_BASE
chmod -R 775 $ORACLE_BASE
mkdir -p /u02/oradata
chown oracle:oinstall /u02/oradata 
chmod 775 /u02/oradata
mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory
chown oracle:oinstall /opt/oraInventory
chmod 770 /opt/oraInventory

• Install required packages

yum -y install gcc-c++ libaio-devel compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel unixODBC-devel
yum -y install ksh xorg-x11-utils sysstat 

Installation

• Download distribution from http://www.oracle.com
• All following steps need to be done under oracle user id

su - oracle

• Extract the distribution

cd /u02/oradata
unzip /media/linux_x86_11gR1_database.zip

• Start X server on a workstation
• Start installation (do not create database during this step)

During installation you will be asked to run two scripts under root user id, do it in a separate terminal window

cd /u02/oradata/database
export DISPLAY=workstation:0.0
./runInstaller

• Add selinux context

semanage fcontext -a -t textrel_shlib_t '/opt/oracle/.*/lib/.+\.so([^/]*)*(\.[^/]*)*'
restorecon -R /opt

• Some cleaning

cd /u02/oradata
rm -rf database
rm -rf /tmp/OraInstall*

• Generate client libraries

genclntst
genclntsh

• Create your database

dbca

• Edit file /etc/oratab and enable automatic startup of the database
• Shutdown just created database

dbshut

• Create listener configuration file $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

LOGGING_LISTENER=OFF
DBA_GROUP = dba
STOP_LISTENER = YES
CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER = 10
STARTUP_WAIT_TIME_LISTENER = 0

Post-installation tasks

The following tasks are executed by root

• Create startup script /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 345 85 15
# description: The Oracle Database
# config: /etc/oratab
# config: /etc/sysconfig/oracledb

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

ORA_OWNER="oracle"

# pull in sysconfig settings
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/oracledb ]; then
        . /etc/sysconfig/oracledb
fi

[ $START_ORACLE = "yes" ] || exit 0

# check environment (e.g. ORACLE_HOME)
if [ -z "$ORACLE_HOME" -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]; then
  echo "Cannot find ORACLE_HOME directory."
  echo -n "Environment settings are wrong? Check /etc/sysconfig/oracledb"
  failure $"Checking Oracle environment"
  exit 1
fi

start () {
        echo -n $"Starting Oracle: "
        if [ "${START_LISTENER:-no}" = "yes" ]; then
                ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
        fi
        daemon --user $ORA_OWNER $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER >/dev/null
        if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
                touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
                success
                echo
                return 0
        else
                failure
                echo
                return 1
        fi
}

stop () {
  echo -n $"Stopping Oracle: "
        su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME" > /dev/null
        if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
                rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
                success
                echo
                return 0
        else
                failure
                echo
                return 1
        fi
}

restart () {
        stop
        start
}

case "$1" in
  start)
                start
                ;;
  stop)
                stop
                ;;
  restart)
                restart
                ;;
  condrestart)
                [ -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle ] && restart || :
                ;;
  *)
                echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|condrestart}"
                exit 1
esac

• Add it to the startup sequence

chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle
chkconfig --add oracle

• Add a daily maintenance script to oracle's cron or /etc/cron.d/oracle
  • Example

#!/bin/sh
[ -f /etc/oratab -o -f /etc/sysconfig/oracledb ] || exit 0

. /etc/sysconfig/oracledb

TODAY=`date +%Y%m%d`

# For each enabled database
grep -v ^# /etc/oratab| awk -F: '{if ($3=="Y") print $1}'| while read DB
do
  if [ -d "$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$DB" ] ; then
    /usr/sbin/tmpwatch -m -d -x $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$DB/scripts 168 $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$DB
    if [ -s "$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$DB/bdump/alert_$DB.log" ] ; then
      mv $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$DB/bdump/alert_$DB.log $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$DB/bdump/alert_${DB}_$TODAY.log
      grep ORA- $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$DB/bdump/alert_${DB}_$TODAY.log > /tmp/ora_alert.$$
      if [ -s /tmp/ora_alert.$$ ] ; then
        mail -s "$DB alert log" $ORA_OWNER < /tmp/ora_alert.$$
      fi
      rm -f /tmp/ora_alert.$$
    fi
  fi
done

• Add oracle id into /etc/aliases

Start your Oracle

service oracle start

Enjoy !